Martinů composed his Jazz Suite during 1928. He completed the first two movements of the work (1. Prélude: Moderato poco allegro, 2. Musique d'entracte: Tempo di blues) by June 7, 1928 in Paris. He then completed the entire composition on September 8, 1928, in Polička, where he added two more movements (3. Musique d'entracte: Boston, 4. Finale: Allegro). The first two movements were conceived as a septet. The other two were composed for a small orchestra. Although the composition is labeled as "jazz," it sticks to classical instruments and does not even use any percussion. The premiere took place in the German city Baden-Baden, but the exact year and performers are unknown. In the score published by Panton in 1970, the cello part is missing from page 38. The autograph score is stored at the Bohuslav Martinů Center in Polička.
Jaroslav Mihule, Martinů: Osud skladatele, Prague: Karolinum, 2002, p. 163.